sTLR2 RAPID (10 tests)

Immunochromatographic assay for the semi-quantitative measurement of human soluble Toll-like receptor 2 in serum.

• 20µL serum sample
• Results in 10 minutes
  
• UKCA certified

Product code: STLR2R

Free evaluation kits are available - contact us

Contents

• 10 foil pouches containing one test device
• sTLR2 diluent bottle

Store refrigerated.

Background

A soluble form of Toll-like receptor 2 (sTLR2) is present in human serum, plasma and other bodily fluids and showed anti-inflammatory potential (1). It is released early upon infection/cell activation and acts as a decoy receptor to limit inflammation (2-5). Elevated levels of sTLR2 may be present early in patients with sepsis, and other infective and inflammatory conditions (6-14).

How the test works

The test is performed by adding serum to the sample well of the sTLR2 Rapid device, followed by sTLR2 Rapid diluent. Any sTLR2 in the sample first binds to a specific mouse anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody which has been conjugated to a gold nanoparticle. The nanoparticle-antibody-sTLR2 complex then flows laterally through a membrane where a second specific mouse anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody is permanently adsorbed to the membrane opposite the letter ‘T’ on the test device. An anti-mouse antibody is similarly permanently adsorbed to the membrane opposite the letter ‘C’ on the test device, which serves as a control. The result is read after 10 minutes.

The colour intensity of the line formed opposite the letter ‘T’ on the test device is proportional to the amount of human sTLR2 in the sample. A semi-quantitative estimate of the level of human sTLR2 is made with reference to the intensity of the test line.

The rapid test is calibrated against a human serum pool measured by ELISA, with reference to recombinant human TLR2.

UK Patent Application GB2502531.3.

References

1. Soluble forms of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 capable of modulating TLR2 signaling are present in human plasma and breast milk. LeBouder E. et al. J Immunol. 2003. 171: 6680-6689, and editorial commentary 171: 6321 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6680
2. Soluble TLR2 reduces inflammation without compromising bacterial clearance by disrupting TLR2 triggering. Raby AC. et al. J Immunol. 2009. 183: 506-517. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0802909
3. Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Fibrosis. Raby AC. et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 Feb;28(2):461-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2015080923
4. Targeting Toll-Like Receptors with Soluble Toll-Like Receptor 2 Prevents Peritoneal Dialysis Solution-Induced Fibrosis. Raby AC. et al. Kidney International, 2018. 94: 346-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.014
5. Therapeutic targeting of chronic kidney disease-associated DAMPs differentially contributing to vascular pathology. Mazzarino M. et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Oct 2;14:1240679. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffimmu.2023.1240679
6. Soluble Toll-like receptor 2 is a biomarker for sepsis in critically ill patients with multi-organ failure within 12h of ICU admission. Holst B. et al. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2017 Dec;5(1):2
7. Amniotic fluid soluble Toll-like receptor 2 in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Andrys C. et al. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013; 26:520–7.
8. The Soluble Form of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Is Elevated in Serum of Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Novel Potential Disease Biomarker. Hossain MJ et al. Front Immunol. 2018 Mar 14; 9: 457, 2018.
9. Milk matters: soluble Toll-like receptor 2 (sTLR2) in breast milk significantly inhibits HIV-1 infection and inflammation. Henrick BM et al. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7):e40138.
10. Soluble toll-like receptor 2 is significantly elevated in HIV-1 infected breast milk and inhibits HIV-1 induced cellular activation, inflammation and infection. Henrick BM et al. AIDS. 2014; 28:2023-32
11. Soluble toll-like receptor 2 in HIV infection: association with disease progression. Heggelund L. et al. AIDS. 2004; 18: 2437-2439.
12. Serum soluble toll-like receptor 2: a novel biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and lupus-related cardiovascular dysfunction. Houssen ME et al. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016 Jul; 19:685-92. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12452. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
13. Characterization of soluble TLR2 and CD14 levels during acute dengue virus infection. Upasani V. et al. Heliyon 9 (2023) e17265
14. Insights into Soluble Toll-Like Receptor 2 as a Downregulator of Virally Induced Inflammation. Henrick BM et al. Front. Immunol. 2016. 7:291. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00291